The hardware of the module is very simple, it actually comprises the MPU6050 as the main components as shown below. Since the module works on 3.3V, a voltage regulator is also used. The IIC lines are pulled high using a 4.7k resistor and the interrupt pin is pulled down using another 4.7k resistor.

The MPU6050 module allows us to read data from it through the IIC bus. Any change in motion will be reflected on the mechanical system which will, in turn, vary the voltage. Then the IC has a 16-bit ADC which it uses to accurately read these changes in voltage and stores it in the FIFO buffer and makes the INT (interrupt) pin go high. This means that the data is ready to be read, so we use a MCU to read the data from this FIFO buffer through IIC communication. As easy as it might sound, you may face some problems while actually trying to make sense of the data.