PIC12F675 Microcontroller: Circuit, Pinout, and Datasheet

The PIC12F675 is an 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller made by MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY and is developed on high-performance RISC architecture. This microcontroller is very popular among hobbyists and engineers due its cost and small size.

The PIC12F675 is a microcontroller developed for low-cost systems and applications. Engineers will benefit from its high flash memory rewrite cycle, which makes it ideal for learning and experimenting. The controller features 2KBytes of flash memory, which is sufficient for beginners to write simple programs. The six GPIO pins are also intended to handle a maximum current of 25mA, which is sufficient for many peripheral devices and sensors.

This controller has a limited set of capabilities and cannot be used to create complex applications. It's great for novices who wish to learn how to program for the microcontroller platform.

Pinout

Symbol

Footprint

3D Model

(1) High-Performance RISC CPU:

• Only 35 Instructions to Learn

- All single-cycle instructions except branches

• Operating Speed:

- DC - 20 MHz oscillator/clock input

- DC - 200 ns instruction cycle

• Interrupt Capability

• 8-Level Deep Hardware Stack

• Direct, Indirect, and Relative Addressing modes

(2) Special Microcontroller Features:

• Internal and External Oscillator Options

- Precision Internal 4 MHz oscillator factory calibrated to ±1%

- External Oscillator support for crystals and resonators

- 5 μs wake-up from Sleep, 3.0V, typical

• Power-Saving Sleep mode

• Wide Operating Voltage Range – 2.0V to 5.5V

• Industrial and Extended Temperature Range

• Low-Power Power-on Reset (POR)

• Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

• Brown-out Detect (BOD)

• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with Independent Oscillator for Reliable Operation

• Multiplexed MCLR/Input Pin

• Interrupt-on-Pin Change

• Individual Programmable Weak Pull-ups

• Programmable Code Protection

• High Endurance Flash/EEPROM Cell

- 100,000 write Flash endurance

- 1,000,000 write EEPROM endurance

- Flash/Data EEPROM Retention: > 40 years 

(3) Low-Power Features:

• Standby Current:

- 1 nA @ 2.0V, typical

• Operating Current:

- 8.5 μA @ 32 kHz, 2.0V, typical

- 100 μA @ 1 MHz, 2.0V, typical

• Watchdog Timer Current

- 300 nA @ 2.0V, typical

• Timer1 Oscillator Current:

- 4 μA @ 32 kHz, 2.0V, typical

(4) Peripheral Features:

• 6 I/O Pins with Individual Direction Control

• High Current Sink/Source for Direct LED Drive

• Analog Comparator module with:

- One analog comparator

- Programmable on-chip comparator voltage reference (CVREF) module

- Programmable input multiplexing from device inputs

- Comparator output is externally accessible

• Analog-to-Digital Converter module (PIC12F675):

- 10-bit resolution

- Programmable 4-channel input

- Voltage reference input

• Timer0: 8-Bit Timer/Counter with 8-Bit

Programmable Prescaler

• Enhanced Timer1:

- 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler

- External Gate Input mode

- Option to use OSC1 and OSC2 in LP mode as Timer1 oscillator, if INTOSC mode selected

• In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) via two pins

Microchip Technology PIC12F675-I/P technical specifications, attributes, parameters and parts with similar specifications to Microchip Technology PIC12F675-I/P.

Functional Block Diagram

Before using a microcontroller in a system or application, it must first be programmed. So, first and foremost, we must program the PIC12F675 controller.

The entire procedure for programming the PIC12F675 is as follows:

• First list all the functions to be executed by this controller.

• Next write these functions in ‘IDE software’ using a relative programming language (use ‘C’ language in MPLAB IDE).

• After writing the desired program compile it for error elimination

• For a successful compilation IDE application generates a HEX file for the written program

• Choose the programming device (usually ‘PIC kit 3’ or ‘PIC kit 2’) which establishes communication between PC and PIC12F675

• Connect the programming device to the microcontroller appropriately

• Run the HEX file dumping software which is related to the chosen programming device

• Choose the appropriate program HEX file and burn this HEX file in PIC12F675 flash memory

• Disconnect the programmer and connect the appropriate peripherals for the controller

After plugging in the electricity, the controller runs the HEX code stored in the memory (which is a written program) and generates the desired response.

The ultrasonic proximity detector circuit PIC12F675 detects a distance of about 30 cm to 3 m mounted on the microcontroller.

The rotating time of the radiating ultrasonic wave reflected from any object is used to calculate ultrasonic distance. The design is as basic and tiny as feasible, thanks to the Microchip PIC12F675 microcontroller and integrated hardware functionalities, and the circuit is mounted on a PCB board.

The reflected wave connects the signal amplified with the NE5532 to the input of the PIC12F675 microcontroller's inbuilt comparator (pin 6).

An internal reference is set to the comparator and the decision level is modified inside the PIC12F675 Microcontroller. Changing its value (VRCON recording) makes adjusting the circuit's sensitivity to the input signal a breeze. The sensitivity is now tuned to the lowest feasible value thanks to the adoption of a high-quality operational amplifier in the IO1 position.

R6 is attached to the internal A/D converter's input, which continuously monitors its present position. It is utilized as a decision level for measuring the ultrasonic wave's reflection duration, and the software limits it to a range of around 30 cm to 3 m.

The microcontroller output (pin 7) and then the output transistor T1 will open if the reflected wave is set or detected at a lower range/distance, for example, to control the relay, buzzer, or any other system. LED D1 turns on the output, which remains open for the duration of the obstacle detection period within the set distance.

The ultrasonic sensor circuit is designed with DIP and SMD type 2 PCBs. SMD source asm and hex software files come in two flavors: double-layer and single-source.

Ultrasonic Proximity Detector Circuit

• Low-end applications like scrolling display, temperature monitor etc

• Beginner applications

• Hobbyist projects

• Display units

• Development board for learners

Microchip Technology Inc. is a leading provider of microcontroller and analog semiconductors, delivering low-risk product development, reduced overall system cost, and faster time to market to thousands of customers across the world. Microchip, based in Chandler, Arizona, provides excellent technical support as well as consistent delivery and quality.

Download datasheets and manufacturer documentation for Microchip Technology PIC12F675-I/P.